Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Samsu aman , M. A. Ali , M. A. Momin , M. R. Karim , M. M. Uddin

Abstract

Due to massive deforestation, growing of trees in the crop field and homestead area to increase forest cover is deemed necessary. Data on proper spacing and pruning management of tree species are meagre. Acacia nilotica and Albizia lebbek agroforestry systems gave the highest yield of mustard (0.431 and 0.788 t/ha respectively) and rice (2.89 and 2.50 t/ha respectively) compared to other local tree species in the farmers' crop field. Grain yields of rice and wheat were lower in spacing treatment of Acacia nilotica than that in the open field. The spacing of 12m x 1m had the highest grain yields of rice and wheat in 1990 (2.18 and 2.32 t/ha respectively) and in 1992 (0.48 and 0.86 t/ha respectively) on field area basis. Root pruning treatment of A. nilotica contributed to the highest grain yield of wheat (1.87 t/ha) at 12m x 1m spacing, which was comparable to open field system (2.18 t/ha). Root pruning treatment showed lower gross margin (US $424/ha) compared to ischolar_main unpruned (US $460/ha) because of higher cost involvement for digging. Another study revealed that shoot pruning of trees thrice a year had the highest significant positive effect on the crop yield where 71% radish (vegetable) yield was increased with Acacia nilotica, and 50% rice and 55% radish yields were increased with Albizia lebbek. Shoot pruning of Acacia twice a year was found more efficient to enhance rice yield by 27%. Shoot pruning of Albizia and Acacia thrice a year contributed the highest fuelwood (5.27 t/ha/year and 7.16 t/ha/year respectively). Moreover, it was also observed that the shoot pruning significantly enhanced the lateral growth (increase in tree girth) of both the species and the highest value was achieved with pruning thrice a year (30mm in Acacia and 26.7mm in Albizia over 8 months). Highest additional margin of US $ 450/ha and US $ 544/ha in 2 crop seasons were recorded with prunipg thrice a year in Acacia and Albizia systems respectively at an additional cost of US $ 113.

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M. A. Ali , S. Akhter , M. Kamaluddin

Abstract

Seed germination, seedling mortality and subsequent growth of Albizia procera seedlings were studied. Seeds were treated with hot water of 50° and boiled water of lOO°C for three minutes and compared against the untreated seeds soaked in cold water. It was observed that the germination per cent was higher and mortality was lower in the case of untreated seeds. Root/shoot ratio oflength and biomass were not different among thOse seeds. The overall performance was found better in the case of untreated seeds though there was a little advantage in shoot length and ischolar_main length in the case of lOO°C treated seeds.

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B. S. Bisht ¹, M. A. Ali ¹, A. K. Pande ², R. Pavanagaru ³

Affiliations
1 Atomic Mineral Directorate for Exploration and Research, Department of Atomic Energy, Hyderabad- 500 016, IN
2 Atomic Mineral Directorate for Exploration and Research, Department of Atomic Energy, Jaipur - 303 906, IN
3 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Abstract

In the lesser Himalayan region of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India, iron-Uranium (Fe-U) mineralisation characterises the volcano-Sedimentary sequence belonging to the Middle-Late Proterozoic Siang Group. The host rocks metamorphosed in the greenschist to lower amphibolite facies are intensely deformed.

The lithological, structural, petrological and geochemical parameters indicate involvement of three distinct processes resulting in the Fe-U mineralisation. These comprise early sedimentary deposition, mainly of Fe-Oxides, Fe-Sulphides and minor U, followed by local metamorphic redistribution of U, and lastly hydrothermal mineralisation leading to deposition of mainly uranium and REE bearing minerals and minor Fe-Cu sulphides.

Syngenetic iron oxide mineralisation occurs in the form of ironstone containing 44 to 63 wt percent Fe. The lithological association of ironstone and low contents of Ti, V, Cr, Co and Ni in magnetite support this contention. Sulphides, mainly pyrite with subordinate chalcopyrite and molybdenite form bands, stringers and veins. The sulphur isotopic ratios (δ³⁴S) of pyrites in different formations exhibit a small range of +11.1 to +15.8 %. suggesting derivation of sulphur mainly from the seawater sulphate and hydrothermal sources.

Variation in the U-content of the rocks in the mineralisation zone is attributed to the differences in the composition of precursor sediments and also to differential mobility of uranium during progressive metamorphism.

Epigenetic U-Mineralisation related to quartzo-Feldspathic veins occurs along fractures and foliations and has caused wall rock alterations such as chloritisation, epidotisation, silicification, and sericitisation. Association of uraninite, brannerite, davidite, fluorite, tourmaline, albite, biotite and quartz characterise the uraniferous rocks. These rocks also contain significant REEs. The calc-Alkaline granitic magma of Cambro-Ordovician Period is considered to be the ultimate source of U.

Oxidation of host rocks resulted in extensive goethitisation and kaolinisation in the weathering zone.

Keywords

Fe-U Mineralisation, Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

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S. Zakaulla ¹, K. Umamaheswar ², P. V. Tirupathi ¹, U. P. Sharma ¹, H. Basu ¹, M. A. Ali ¹

Affiliations
1 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Nagarabhavi, Bangalore, IN
2 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Nagarabhavi, Shillong, IN

Abstract

Gulcheru Formation constitutes 200 m-250 m thick siliciclastic sediments Based on grain size texture and colour of the sediments, four distinct facies are demarcated They are pink massive quartzite, cross bedded grey quartzite, purple siltstone and pitted quartzite The ratios of Si/Al is higher (62 9 to 292 18) in pitted quartzite and lowest (2 122 - 18 247) in siltstone, where as grey quartzite has wide range of 3 78 - 8637 67 Ths difference is essentially due to higher quartz content in pitted quartzite and dominance of clays/shaly component in siltstone The wide range of Si/Al ratio in grey quartzlie is due to interlayering of siltstone/shale laminations/bands Distribution of uranium indicates grey quartzite (av U₃0₈= 9 9 ppm) and siltstone (av 15 42 ppm) have higher intrinsic uranium than that of pitted quartzite (average 5 6 ppm) and pink massive quartzite (average 7ppm) which is considered very high in comparison to normal sandstone (av = 0 5ppm, Taylor, 1965) Trace elements like Mo, V, Ni, Cu and Pb are enriched in mineralised grey quartzite Pitchblende is the man uranium mineral in grey and pitted quartzite unlts It occurs as fracture fillings and also as interstital material, associated intimately with chlorite Close association between pitchblende and sulphides like pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena is seen when pitchblende occurs as fracture fills Uranium in siltstone, is generally in adsorbed form with ferruginous material, where as associated trace elements like Mo (r = 0 515), V (r = 0 806), Nt (r = 0 4) and even Ti0₂, (r = 0 87) are well correlated with Al₂0₃, suggesting their clays/phyllosilicates U/Pb dating of uraniferous grey quartzite indicated ages of 1336k±4 Ma and 446±29 Ma suggesting remobilisation and concentration of intrinsic uranium.

Keywords

Gulcheru Formation, Cuddapah Supergroup, Siliciclastic Sediments, Uranium incidence, Gandi Area, Andhra Pradesh.

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K. K. Pant ¹, Vinit Kumar ¹, Bhaskar Biswas ¹, Arvind Kumar ¹, Shankar Lal ¹, Sona Chandran ¹, Saket Kumar Gupta ¹, Md. Khursheed ², Pravin Nerpagar ¹, A. K. Sarkar ¹, Ravi Kumar Pandit ¹, K. Ruwali ³, K. Sreeramulu ³, S. Das ³, R. S. Shinde ³, S. Chouksey ⁴, J. K. Parate ⁴, Viraj Bhanage ⁵, P. P. Deshpande ⁵, Shradha Tiwari ⁵, Mandar Joshi ⁶, Lalita Jain ⁵, Anand Valecha ⁷, Ayukt Pathak ⁵, M. A. Ali ⁵, H. R. Bundel ⁵, Purushottam Shrivastava ⁸, T. Reghu ⁸, Umesh Kale ⁸, Yashwant Wanmode ⁸, Praveen Mohania ⁸, Jaikishan Mulchandani ⁸, Akhil Patel ⁸, Mahesh Acharya ⁸, Ashish Mahawar ⁸, Mahendra Lad ⁹, M. K. Jain ⁹, Nitesh Tiwari ⁹, Pritam S. Bagduwal ⁹, V. G. Sathe ¹⁰, Sujata Joshi ¹⁰, Ram Shiroman ¹⁰, A. S. Yadav ¹⁰, Randhir Kumar ¹⁰, Alok Singh ¹¹, Vineet K. Dwivedi ¹¹, Mangesh Borage ¹², S. R. Tiwari ¹¹

Affiliations
1 Materials and Advanced Accelerator Sciences Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
2 Advanced Lasers and Optics Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
3 Accelerator Magnet Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
4 Design and Manufacturing Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
5 Laser Controls and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
6 Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, IN
7 Accelerator Control Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
8 Pulsed High Power Microwave Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
9 Radio Frequency Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
10 Ultra-High Vacuum Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
11 Power Converters Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
12 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN

Abstract

An Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) designed to operate in the 12.5–50 μm wavelength band is presently in an advanced stage of commissioning at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore. Here we report results from first experiments on the IR-FEL after installation of its optical cavity, which has resulted in a power output that is ~105 times the expected spontaneous emission power for the beam parameters used in the experiment. The estimated out-coupled peak micro-pulse power during these experiments is ~2 kW. This is the first observed signature of lasing in the IR-FEL, and the first reported lasing in a FEL in India. This communication discusses the development of the IR-FEL, the recent experimental results, and the ongoing efforts to further increase the IR power to the design peak out-coupled power of 2 MW.

Keywords

Beam Parameters, Free Electron Laser, Infrared Power, Undulator.

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P. M. Shemi ¹, M. A. Ali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, MES College Marampally, IN
2 Department of Computer Applications, Government Engineering College, Thrissur, IN

Abstract

A performance comparison of relay selection based on the path probability selection of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO), among dual-hop amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relay networks is formulated in this paper. An adaptive power allocation strategy based on Brent’s method has been proposed. The secrecy performance is evaluated in traditional, fading and path loss wireless models. Traditional best relay selection, exhaustive search optimization algorithm and equal power allocation strategy have been derived as schemes for comparison. The effect of number of relays on secrecy is also evaluated. Simulation results reveal the merits of the proposed relay selection and optimization schemes as compared to conventional schemes.

Keywords

Brent’s Method, Optimal Power Allocation, Ant Colony Optimization, Secrecy Rate.

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